Refrigerating-machine.



W. P. WIEMANN.

HEFRFGERATING MACHFNE.

APPLscATrow man MAR. a. 19:6.

Patented Nov. 14, 1916.

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i embodying `:ill the elements of the eo Yto ,TEE sirenes WILLIAM l?. 'WIEMAESRZ 0F ITTSBURGH, PENNSYLVANIA.

BEFRIGERATING-MACHNE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

van

y Patented Nov. 1d; 1916.

Application filed March 3, 1916. Serie] No. 81,860.

' 1 o au whom it may concern.'4

Be it known that I, WILLIAM P. Wm MANN, a. citizen of the United States, residing etPittsburgh, in the county of Alle` glieny and State of lennsylvenimheve invented certain new sind useful Improvements in Refrigereting-Machinas, of which the following is c sgeci'icetion.

This invention relates to refrigereting machines, and has for its object to provide e machine ofsuch c1ess,nnmenner as liereinnfter set forth, designed primarily for domestic use to overcome the employment. of ice es e refrigerant thereby eliminating the attending unsii-iiitiiry conditions, es well. ns the inconvenience arising when using :i refrigei'entof such character, and to further provide :i rcfiigeiating machine for donicstic purposes whereby a lower cooling temf perature than that of ice een be secured.

A further object of the inventionV is4 'to provide a. refrigerating machine, altogether ression system now in general use, e'. e. receiver,

expansion coils, compressor' and condenser,l

each being e seperate and distinct 4part of seid compression system, yet setting up the receiver and condenser es one element, the expansion coils or chamber and compressor as one clement, end by such en arrangement the elements of the machine ere-reduced to three viz: operating cylinder, receiver-condenser find cxpiinsioncompressor, thus are ducing the cost of tlieinocliine and also facilitating the refrigei'eting operation.

Further objects of the invention are to provide e. ieirigerziting machine which is eu-v tomatic in itsoperotion, operated by water pressure from the moins of :i city water supply which provides against excessive pressure'in the iniicliine and containing means for regnleting the temperature et which the machine is to operate.

Further oiilects of the invention'arer to provide e. rei'rigernting machine designed primarily for domestic use, although the nm, chine can be employed for any pur-poses wherein it is found `epvpliciilile, which is simple in `its construction and arrangement,

strong, durable, eiiicient sind convenient lo its use, and inexpensive to operato und manufacture.

With 'the foregoingend other 'objects in view the invention consists of the novel construction, combination and arrangement .a vertical sectional view of e, refrigerating 7 to' which the inwardly extending flange of pnrts'osliereinefter more specicelly dejscribed and illustrated in the accompanying* drawings, wherein is shown an embodiment of the invention, but it is to be understood that changes, variations and modifications 460 con be resorted to which come-within the-f scrpe of .the claims hereunto appended. y i1 the drawings wherein' like reference v characters denote corresponding parte 5' throughout the several views: Figure 1 -is 6,5

machine in accordance withthis invention end also showing e, brine tank attached.

iT-Fig. 2 is e diagrammatic view of a. chart ilustreting themoveinent ofthe piston of the machine during two complete cycles thereof and further showing pressure and corresponding temperature in the refrigerent cylinder during actidn of the piston.` In the drawings the machine is illustrated with@ brine tank 1, which is only employed when it is desired to 4decrease the textilien;- ture of brine and aftercooling can be conducted to tiny desired point. When the. machine is employed in 'connection withy Se ice box or c household refrigerator it will lieve its upper portion positioned exteriorly.- to the port to be refrigerated, the brine case j or tank bein removed, sind the lower portion entende into the partto be refriger sa ated. This loiveiportion has the'periplcv.i ery thereof corrugated, es at i2, to present e' large radiating surface to refrigerate the,A surrounding medie.. In the drawings 3 indicates the body of =90 the machine, which is cylindrical in contour and has e bottoni Il, formedwith a centrally?"41 disposed circuler opening 5, with thev topf` edge of the well thereof Hering, es at 6t provide :i clearance to facilitate tlieentrai of pecking 35i.

The lower end ofthe 3, lies e laterally extending annuleriaz'ge of the brine tanker cesing11,ca,ii beiatteclie by the securing devices 9, only oneshovvr` The top Vedge of tlie' bcdy 3, is 'ont ay; l form :i shoulder 10 and sect like the inner face of the body 3,.bel j}f` tlxef., etjll is cut ewey to provide o, seat`12, :ind`A thetpert of the inner fece of the body 3,betw'ee the sects il and 12'is threaded `es et 3.3. x Formed integral with and depending I from the bottom /l-,f is e, cylindrical extension .14., having e bottom 15, provided with e centrally disposed opening- 16. The exten- 11u sion 14 forms a chamber 1T of two different diameters, the larger at the lower and the smaller at the upper portion of the chamber. That part of smaller diameter of the chamber 17 is of the same diameter as( the opening 5 and registers therewith. The extension 14 has the corrngations The opening 16 is closed by a threaded charging plug 18 having a vent 19 to relieve charge. "The wall of the opening 1G is threaded foiengagement with the threads of the plug.

The top of the body 3 of the machine is closed by a flanged cap or head 20 having threads for engagement with the threads lil. When the cap 20 is mounted to close the bod)7 3, it is positioned on the seats 11 and 12, and a gasket 21 is interposed between the flange 22 of the cap 20 and the. seat l1v The cap 20 has its lower face provided with a pocket 23, which communicates with an opening 2l ot less diameter and the top of the wall of the opening 2li, is beveled, as at 25, to provide a valve scat. Secured with the top of the pocket 23, is a spider 2G, have ing a vertically disposed valve stem 27, which projects through and above the opening 24. Slidably mounted on the stein 27 is a lianged `valve disk 28, which is formed with a vent 29, and interposed between the valve-disk 2S and the spider 2G, and surrounding bw stein 27, is a coiled spring 30. Integral with the upper face of the cap 20 and surrounding the stein 27, is an interiorly threaded nipple 31, having a bushing 32 connected therewith which provides means for attaching with the machine an inlet water connection, by way of example city` water connection.

he valve disk 28 is termed the inlet valve and operates on the stem 2, and is normally held open by the spring 30. The upper part of the valve is flanged and the valve is so adjusted that a normal fion' ot water will pass the valve without disturbing it-. On a reduction of pressure beneath the valve the latter will be forced to its seat by the pressure above, and on an equalization of pressure, above and below, by flow through vent 29, the valve will be caused to rise by the spring 30.

The body 3, in connection with the extonsion 14, forms a pair of differential cylinders, one indicated at 17 (chamber) and the other at 33. That part of the machine,

Vwhich constitutes the extension 14, becomes cold, by the evaporation of the anundnia in the cylinder (chamber) 17.

Operatin within the differential cylinders 17 van( 33 is a diiierential piston, one section indicated at 34, the head, 'and the othersection at 35, the receiver-comiencen The section 34, is of greater diameter than the section 35 and operates in the cylinder The section 35 reciprocatcs in the cylin- 'der 1,7.-

threaded circular disk '14, which exntrargfes with the threads 43 and seats upon the ledge 42. The disk 44 has an opening 45 which registers with the opening 41. Tie bolts 4G are employed for securing the disk 4l with the bottom plate 3f). Depending from the lower face of the disk are radiating pins 47. The upper face of the disk 44 has a. cen

tral boss 48 and surrounding the latter is the lower end ot an inverted coiled spiral spring 49.

Secured in the openings -l1 and 45 and enA tending from the plato 39 to the dish lll is la cylindrical casing 50, having a hollow' guide member 51 secured therein intermediate the ends thereof. Extending down through the guide member 51, is a shilitable valve stem 52, which has Fixed t0 its upper end a valve disk 53, normally engaging a seat .iv-t, at the upper end of the casing 50. Surrounding the stem 52 and interposed between the valve-disk :'33 and the upper end of the guide member 51 is a coiled spring (onnected to the lower'end of the stein 52 and depending therefrom is a coiled spring 56. The casing 50 forms a water passage, through the section 3ft of the ditl'erential piston and establishes communication between the upper and lower portions ot the differential cylinder the latter has an outlet 57. The valve-disk o3 is closed by coming in contact with the cap 20. and is opened by the stem engaging in tho bottom 4.

The section 35 of the ditl'ercntial piston is cylindrical and hollow and has an opein ing in its bottom closed by an a|:ertured plug 58, the opening in the latter is indicated at 59. The chamber formed h v or section 35 provides the receiver-comicaser (l0 and the bottom of the latter is contracted as at 61 and terminates in an outletvGQ, which opens into a pocket G2 on the upper face of the plug 58. The top ot the wall of the opening 59, is beveled to forni a valve seat G3, normally engaged by a valve (it, carried by a shiftable valve stem (35, which extends down through the opening 5S) and is provided with an extension (36. The stem 55, has a stop 67. The opening 5!) provides a passage through winch the ammonia passes lrom the differential cylinder 17 into the receiver-condenser 60. The extended stern 65 causes a positive inserting oi the lowest pointi LEOdMB I `piston is to retardthe last part of the stroke of the latterv on the lup movement thereof,

the stronger Athe spring, the higher the pressure reguired to complete the stroke of the piston and close the valve 53 for the return stroke resulting in a higher maximum ten1- perature in the chamber (cylinder) 1'?. A weaker spring will permit of the reverse movement of the pistonat a lower temperature, resulting in a lower maximum temperaturein the chamber (cylinder) 17.` The foregoing will be more clearly understood in the operation ofthe machine to be presently referred to.

The piston 'which is hollow, forms the receiver-'condenser 60, into which the expanded gases pass from the chamber (cylinder) 17, during the down stroke of the piston, and are condensed by the Water surrounding the piston. The liquid is discharged back into chamber 17, at the lower partof the down stroke of the piston as will be fully referred to in the operation of the machine to be presently described.

Ammonia barge-When the piston is -at the anhydrous or liquid ammonia shoul iill chamber (cylinder) 1'( and extend up into the condenser chamber 60 to the dotted line, or far enough to exclude all gas from chamber (cylinder) 17 and in sure liquid seal ofthe valve 64.

The chart as illustrated in Fig. 2 gives a graphie description of the action. of the machine, during 'the period of two strokes of the differential piston, the vertical linesl' :1re spaced in secondsof time, the horizontal lines 69 are spaced in pounds pressure and corresponding ammonia temperature. The upper diagram 70 shows motion of piston, while the lower diagram 7l indicates pressure and corresponding temperature. While the table of Woods Properties of Saturated Anunoniit is used, to explain the `operation of the machine, it will be stated -that other refrigerants such as sulfur dioxid may be use f Operation of machins-VVhen the differential piston is at its highest point the valve 28 is open and the valve 53 closed. The vent 29 of the valve 2B is always open. Water is supplied through the bushing 32 and 'the water pressure acting ,on the fdiilerentiel piston forces the latter 'down until the valve spring 56' is in contact with the bottom i of the body 3, and a continued movement of the piston compresses the spring 56, until the pressure on the valve 53 is overcome and the latter is then opened by spring 56. The

The Sectio 35, is.

water pressure on the piston now being reduced, the difference of 4ressure on the valve 28 causes it to close, an permit only a. small portion of Water to be supplied, which is through the vent 29. During the up stroke of the piston; the water above' the latter, passes down through the member 50, to the under side of the piston, and -is discharged at the outlet 57. It will be seen that the piston which contains the condenser is" al# most surrounded with water, the temperature of which condenses the ammonia gases within the piston. When the )iston '1s at its highest point andzis starte down, the

`:ammonia pressure is 33 lbs. and the tem# perature is 20 degrees F. The piston contlnues downwardly until the pressure reaches 16'(v lbs., this now being the pressure 1n the condenser 60, the temperature at this stage is 9() degrees F. At this point the valve 64 opens andthe gas is forced by the highern pressure into the chamber 17. The piston continues on its downward ,movement until the stein of thevalve 64, rests on the plug which closes the opening 16 and which holds the'valve 64 open dwing' the last fraction 'of thev downward mrunent of the pis-` ton and the first lfraction of the upward movement of the piston. During the last fraction of the downward movement of the piston the gas having all passed into the piston, some of the liquid passes from the chamber 17 into chamber 60, but on the upstroke the liquid passes from chamber 60 into chamber 17l until the valve 64 seats, there being no pressure of Water on the pis ton it is free to ascend, the expanding am lnonia in chamber 17 now forces thepiston up until the spring 49 reaches the ou 20, at this stage the pressure is 3 lbs. an the temperature 20 degrees belovx7 zero, forces the piston upto this point. The piston now is retarded by the spring i9 inl its further travel, which gives the ammonia time to further evaporatc in chamber 17 andincreases the pressure and temperature. As the pressure is building up the spring 49 is being more compressed, this continues until .the

pressure is again 33 lbs., temperature 20 de? grees F., when the cycle is complete.

`Uil/cle and timer-While the cycle of rergeration'as used in the machine is very important, the period of time consumed during the several steps of the cycle are of greater importance, in' the compression ma` c'hlne now '1n general use, the motionlof the piston (as rcgards'tilne) is the same on tiesuction as on the discharge stroke,

`in this machine thestroltes are not uniform,

los

durin this time thc pressure will rise to 33.25 dbs. teni. .20 deg. above zero, F. The piston now travels down its full stroke in 1 sec. during this time the pressure rises to 5 167 lbs. tem. D() deg. above zero, F, and then falls to 33.-'3 lbs. teni. 2() deg. below zero, immediately upon th.I piston starting 11pwardly. It will now be seen that during ninetenths of the time, the temperature is belouv the freezing point, and averages about 6.7 degrees, beloul zero in the cylinder, while about our-tenth of the time the temperature is above the vr'reezing point (32 degrees 1".) givingr a refrigerating etlcct of 415 about 90'/ and an average temperature of about 3 degrees, above z'ero during each cycle of operation ot' the piston.

All the working; parts of' the machine are inclosed, and any ammonia leaks develop-.-

ing in the machine will pass out with the operating walcr and prevent odors.

l. In a refrigerating machine, a machine body providing differential communicating cylinders, anda dilirrcnlial hollow piston,

operating within said cylinders for con (lensing a refrigerant gas.

2. In a refrigerating machine, dill'ercn tial cylinders, one openingr into the other, and a hydraulic operated diil'erential piston operating in said cylinders for compressing u refrigerant gas, the smaller of said cylinders having its periphery corrugated or ribbed to increase the radiating surface thereof.

3. In a rcfrigerating machine, .difierential cylinders, a diii'erential piston operating therein, and means to provide for the supply of water against and the passage of 40 water tlu'ough a portion ci' the piston to operate the latter.

4. In a rei'rigerating machine a body portion inclosing a water operating,r machine, refrigerant compartments, receiver-condenser, compressor and expansion chamber.

In a refrigerating machine, diierenA tial cylinders, a differential hollow piston operating in said cylinder for condensing arei'rigerant gas, and means for intermittently circulating water through one of said cylinders to operate the piston` (i. In a refrigerating machine, differential cylinders, a differential hollow piston op erating in said cylinders for condensing a refrigerant gas, and means for intermit tently circulating water through one of said -cylinders to a portion of the piston fdr operating said piston.

7. In a. refrigerating machine, differential cylinders, a water controlled valve associated with oneA of said cylinders, a di erential hollow piston, operating in said cylinderand haring a passage throughs portion thereof for conducting water from one sido '35 to the other side of a section or' said piston,

and a controlling valve in said passage, that cylinder having a water controlling valve provided with :rn outlet.

S. In a refrigcruting machine, differential cylinders, a differenti-al hollow piston operating in ,-.fiirl cylinders and havln a passage through one section thereof or conducting water from one side of said section to another, and a controlling valve in said passage 75 9. n a rcfrigerating machine, differential cylinders, a water controlled valve associated with one of said cylinders, a differential hollow piston operating in said cylinder and having a passage through a portion thereof for conducting water from one side to the other side of a section of said piston, and a controlling valve in said passage, that cylinder' having a water'i controlling valve provided with an outlet, said Water controllingr valve automatically supplyingafull quantity of water on thedown stroke of the piston and having means for supplying a. small quantity of: water on the up stroke oi' the piston.

l0. liraV refrigerating machine, difcrenn tial cylinders, and a differential hollow piston operating in said cylinders, the lower end or' said piston constituting a refrigerat-A ing end and having a vali-'e therein to per' mit a refrigerant gas to enter the piston on the compression stroke and discharge n refrigerant liquid on the expansion stroke.

11. In a rcfrigerutng machine, difieren* tial cylinders, differential hollow piston op- 10o @rating therein, means whereby said piston is operated on the compression stroke by water pressure, means whereby said piston is operated on the expansion stroke by the expanding of a refrigerant gas.

1Q. In a, refrigerating machine 'n body portion having two cylindrical com artments, one opening into the other an one of different area with respect to the other, and a hollow differential piston operating 11o in said compartment.

13. In a refrgerating machine, differential cylinders, Smaller of which contains a refrigerant gas, a hollow differential piston operating in ,said cylinders, means provided in the larger of the cylinders for operating said piston by water pressure to compress the refrigerant gas in the smaller cylin er.

14. In a refrigerating machine, di rential cylinders, a di iicrental piston operating therein and provided with a. condensing chamber, and a valve at the lower end of said piston for controlling the admission of a refrifverant gas to and a refrigerant liquid from tlie said chamber.

15. In a refrigerating machine differential cylindcrs, and Ldferential' iston operating therein, ,the lower and of t e smaller of the cylinders having a screw plug provided with a release vent for charging or discharging a refrigerant to or from the said' cylinder 16. In a refrigcrating,- machine difieren` tial cylinders, differential hollow piston operating within said cylinders and'r having a water passage, said piston operated in`one direction by Water pressure, a. spring loaded `valve having a stem arranged within said passage and a spring at the lowerzend of its stem, said valve capable of opening to releasen water' pressure above the piston when l the latter is at the lower end of its stroke and to close when the piston is at the top of its stroke by coming in ,contact with the cylinder heads.

17. In a refrigerating machine, difieren.- tial cylinders, differential hollow piston op erating therein and providing a' compression stroke on its downward movement and an expansion stroke in its upward movement, and means to retard the termination of the expansion stroke of the piston to secure a hlgher expansion pressure of a refrigerant gas before the stroke of the piston is reversed.

18. In a refrigerating machine, differen- `tial cylinders,-a diiierential hollowl piston operating therein providing on its d'vin- Ward movement a compression stroke `and on its upward movement an expansion stroke, and a spring arranged on the topor1 the piston to retard the-termination of the expansion stroke thereof to secure a higher expansion pressure of a 'refrigerant gas before the stroke of the piston 1s reversed,

19. In a refrigerating machine a body portion inclosingdiiierential cylinders, and a hollow differential piston operating therein and provided at its lower end with a periphery packing toretain a refrigerant during the movement of the piston.

20. In a refrigerating machine, differential cylinders, a piston operating therein, the smaller of said cylinders having a corrugated periphery, and a. ease or jacket surrounding or inclosing said smaller cylinder and throuvh which liquids or gases may be passed to he cooled.A p

21. In a refrigerating machine differential cylinders, a di erential hollow piston operating therein, means .whereby said piston, during the operating thereof, will condense a refrigerant gas and contain the excess or condenser pressure within the cylinder.

22. In a refrigeratin machine, diere `tial cylinders, and a di erential hollow piston operating therein, one of said cylinders extending beyond the lower end of the piston for retaining a refrigerant liquid.

23. In a refrigeratin machine, difierential'cylinders, and a di erential hollow pis- ,ton operating therein, and means whereby an expansion of a refrigerant gas will he had to cause refrigeration during one stroke of the piston and a compression of the gas be had in the smaller of said cylinders.

24. In a refrigerating machine diderential cylinders, one commnnicatin with the other, the lower of said cylinders veing of less di'- ,7o ameter than the upper whereby the Vbottom of the latter rovides meansfor detachably connecting t erewith a tank or jacket through which liquids or gases may be passed to be cooled. V

25. 1n a rerigerating machine di li'erential cylinders one coinnmmicatin `with the other, the lower of said cylinders eing of less diameter than the upper whereby the vbottom of the latter provides means fondetachably connecting therewith a tank` oi 4 jacket through which liquid or ga'sesmay be passed to he cooled, said lower cylinder being provided with peripheral ribs.

2G. In 'a refrigerating machine, diii'eren- S5 tial cylinders, a hollovi7 differential' piston operating therein and providing a chamber for condensing gases, said piston having its lower end provided with a passage through which the gases pass on compression or down 9@ stroke of the piston, and a valve for controlling said passage, said valve having a stem extending down so as to come in Contact withthe bottom or the `lo'wer of aid cylinders whereby the valve is held opel during a part of the expansion or up strek [of the piston to receive uy part ci a liquid re rigerant Within'said lower cylinder. p

27. In a rerigerating' machine, diilerential cylinders, the upper of which provides 19a a Water space. and a hollow differential piston operating within said cylinders and forming a condenser chamber for condensinge refrigerant gas. r

28. In a refrigeratin machine, differential cylinders, the smaller of which is provided with a refrigeratcry agent, and a differential piston operating Within said cylin ders for alternately expanding and oompressing said agent to cool a refrigerant il@ within the smaller of the cylinders.

29. In a refrigeratin machine, diii'erential cylinders, thesmal er of which is provided With a refrigeratory agent, anda dif-v ferential piston operating within said cylinders for alternately expanding and com pressing said' agent to cool a refrigerant Within the smaller of theI cylinders, and means for circulating city water through the A larger of said cylinders to the upper portion of said piston to cause the operation of the latter.

30. in a refrigerating machine, difieren* tial cylinders, one of which provides a refrigerant cylinder formino' a gas space, a 12b piston operating in said cylnder and in said space, means to provide a down or compression stroke of said piston, means to provide an np or expansion stroke of said piston, and mesme for causing the expansion 15 stroke tu be of longer duration thun the e0mpres-Sinn stroke.

31. In n refrigernting nnichine1 differentinl cylinders. one of which contains n refrigerant ugent, :l piston operating therein, :nifl rn uns for in'ipurting nn intermittent motion to the piston to cu use a greater iotnl cooling effect on the expansion stroke of the piston than the total heating eil'ect of the compression stroke within that cylinder eentnining the refrigerant ugent,

In n refrigernting machine, difieren'- tinl cylinders,- .1 piston operating therein, one of said cylinders containing n refrigerant ugent, menus for initially opeiuting said pinu ton by water pressure, v:nid means for cznisinf:r intermittent motion to the piston.

32%. ln :i refrigerating machine, dilerential cylinders., :1 diirentizil piston operating within said cylinders and provided with an expansion chamber, means for circulating water to une of' said cylinders to initially operate Suid piston, :i refrigernting ugent in the ether el? :.iid cylinders, means for causing an intermittent motion of the piston` In testimony whereof I nllix my signature in the presence of n Witness.

WILLIAM P. WIEMANN;

Wt-ness:

IJUHLLA H. Snmx. 

